
Shatsman family
Shatsman family, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Russia, 1935. Pictured left to right: Vladimir, Elya (back), Masya, Israel, Barukh, and Michael.

Shatsman family, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Russia, 1935. Pictured left to right: Vladimir, Elya (back), Masya, Israel, Barukh, and Michael.

Photograph of a grade school class, Ukraine, c. 1940. Yefim Tsybulskiy is pictured in the front row, third from right.

Photograph of Lucy Tsybulskiy and friend in swimming outfits, on the beach in Poltava, Ukraine, c.1920s or early 1930s.

Photograph of Fruma Toporek and two other women studying at university on January 10, 1941. Fruma is located in the middle of the of the

Photograph of four young women, including Fruma Toporek, nee Derin, pictured on the right.

Photograph of Iosif Gusarev at 2 or 3 years old with his mother Nadezhda Vorobeva, 1935.

Photograph of a group of young women in Hashomer Hatzair, a Zionist youth group. They have on uniforms of white dresses and hats. One is

Photograph of Inessa Yurkevich’s parents, her father, Samuil Yurkevich, and her mother, Irina Rukhavets, sitting on a stoop while on vacation in Crimea, 1935.

Photograph of Raisa Ryklina (2nd row, right) with friends pre-war, March 1941.


Photograph of the Feinberg family and friends by the River Venta in Papile, Lithuania, mid-1930s. Standing, left to right: Pola Feinberg (Paula Mishell) holding Eudice’s

Photograph of Yelizaveta Voloshina’s family in Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine, May 1, 1941. Back row, left to right: Mottle (cousin), Rima (cousin), Miron (uncle), Lenya (uncle),

Photograph of Benzion Gorodyansky with his grandchildren in Piryatin (Pyriatyn), Ukraine, 1939. Back row, left to right: Aaron Meyer Gorodyansky, Luba Novgorodsky, Schmuel Novgorodsky; Middle

By 1900, the Russian Empire contained the largest Jewish community in the world, over 5 million people. Almost all were forced to live in the western portions of the Empire, known as the Pale of Settlement.